salination and cons !!

 A desalination plant is able to create freshwater resources from a saltwater source, such as the ocean. Once it goes online, the facility is able to provide a water supply that is immune to drought, offering drinking water to an entire region. The Tampa Bay Seawater Desalination facility, located in Florida, provides up to 25 million gallons of drinking water per day to the region.

The primary benefit which desalination plants provide is proven technology. Reverse osmosis is used in many desalination plants, which creates high-quality drinking water on small or large scales. Homeowners can even hook-up a reverse osmosis filter to their own plumbing system to create a better water supply.

The disadvantage of desalination plants, however, is their cost. Although several factors can dramatically change the final price of construction, a 2010 report estimated that a new desalination plant in Texas would cost $658 million to achieve 100 million gallons per day of freshwater supplies. Even at 2.5 million gallons per day, the plant would cost $32 million to build.

Cons of Desalination Plants

1. Desalination plants may contaminate groundwater supplies.
Desalination is known to create a high-quality supply of freshwater that can be used for drinking water. It may also introduce certain contaminants into the local water supply. Chemical, biological, or mineral contaminants can alter groundwater supplies, which would affect crop growth, water access, and water-related issues with such a change. It would depend on how the water was treated within the plant, so the process must be constantly monitored to protect the water supply.

2. The salt must go somewhere.
To create freshwater resources from a saltwater resource, the desalination plant removes the salt which is found within the water. The process of salt removal creates a concentrated product called “brine.” Salt is naturally corrosive, so concentrated salts can be potentially deadly. Consistent contact with brine has been known to kill vegetation, harm wildlife, and is even potentially harmful to certain individuals.

3. It takes the minerals out of the water.
Water has some bad minerals in it that the reverse osmosis process of desalination can remove. Taking arsenic, lead, and barium out of the water supply seems like a good thing. At the same time, however, there are certain “good” minerals, such as magnesium, potassium, and calcium, that are also found in water supplies. These minerals are easier to absorb when they are naturally included in the water being consumed. Reverse osmosis takes out the bad, but it also takes out the good too.

4. Desalination plants create pollution.
Although a desalination plant is able to create additional freshwater resources, it does so at a cost. Fossil fuels must be consumed to create the filters, screens, and equipment that are required to create the freshwater resource that is healthy enough to drink. That negative contribution to the atmosphere may be minimal compared to other industries, but it is still present nonetheless.

5. It is an energy-intensive solution.
The amount of energy that is required from a desalination plant to create drinkable water is higher than any other water supply option that is currently available. In Tampa Bay, the cost of desalinated brackish water can be up to $2.60 for every 1,000 gallons of water produced. Desalinated seawater can cost up to $5.80 per 1,000 gallons of water.

6. The return is minimal.
A typical system that is reliant on reverse osmosis will return as little as 5% of the water that is pushed through the system. The remaining water is often sent to the local wastewater facility for further processing and treatment.

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